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ADAPTATIONS-Water Loss + nutrients
Because of the limited freshwater availability in salty intertidal soils, mangroves limit the amount of water that they lose through their leaves. They can restrict the opening of their stomata. They also vary the orientation of their leaves to avoid the harsh midday sun and so reduce evaporation from the leaves.
Nutrient uptake is a major obstacle of mangroves. The soil is perpetually waterlogged, there is little free oxygen. Anaerobic bacteria liberate nitrogen gas, soluble iron, inorganic phosphates, sulfides, and methane, which makes the soil much less nutritious and contributes to mangroves' pungent odor. Hence, the roots of mangroves are very important! It aids greatly in all the obstacles that mangroves face as mention above ! :)
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